Dilema Guru dalam Memberikan Sanksi kepada Siswa: Studi Hukum di Dinas Pendidikan Kota Tanjungbalai

Abstract

Teachers have an important role in educating and forming students' character, including in providing sanctions as part of the learning and discipline process. However, in practice, giving sanctions by teachers to students often becomes a dilemma because it can lead to legal problems. Several cases show that disciplinary action given by teachers is sometimes considered a violation of children's rights, thus potentially giving rise to legal consequences for teachers. This research aims to analyze legal protection for teachers in giving sanctions to students and identify the obstacles faced in its implementation in Tanjungbalai City. This research uses a juridical-empirical approach with qualitative research methods. Data was obtained through interviews with teachers, officials from the Tanjungbalai City Education Office, as well as a study of the laws and regulations that regulate legal protection for teachers. The research results show that although there are regulations that provide legal protection for teachers, there is still uncertainty in their implementation, especially regarding the limits on sanctions that are considered reasonable and do not violate children's rights. A lack of understanding of the law and an imbalance between teachers' rights and students' rights are the main factors that cause dilemmas in giving sanctions. Thus, clearer policies and increased legal understanding are needed for teachers so that they can carry out their duties safely without fear of legal sanctions. Apart from that, there needs to be synergy between schools, parents and the government in creating a conducive educational environment, where teachers have clear authority to enforce discipline without compromising students' rights.

Guru memiliki peran penting dalam mendidik dan membentuk karakter siswa, termasuk dalam pemberian sanksi sebagai bagian dari proses pembelajaran dan disiplin. Namun, dalam praktiknya, pemberian sanksi oleh guru terhadap siswa sering kali menjadi dilema karena dapat berujung pada permasalahan hukum. Beberapa kasus menunjukkan bahwa tindakan disiplin yang diberikan oleh guru terkadang dianggap sebagai pelanggaran hak anak, sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan konsekuensi hukum bagi guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan hukum bagi guru dalam memberikan sanksi kepada siswa serta mengidentifikasi kendala yang dihadapi dalam implementasinya di Kota Tanjungbalai. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis-empiris dengan metode penelitian kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan guru, pejabat Dinas Pendidikan Kota Tanjungbalai, serta kajian terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur perlindungan hukum bagi guru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun terdapat regulasi yang memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi guru, masih terdapat ketidakpastian dalam implementasinya, terutama terkait batasan pemberian sanksi yang dianggap wajar dan tidak melanggar hak anak. Kurangnya pemahaman hukum serta ketidakseimbangan antara hak guru dan hak siswa menjadi faktor utama yang menyebabkan dilema dalam pemberian sanksi. Dengan demikian, diperlukan kebijakan yang lebih jelas serta peningkatan pemahaman hukum bagi guru agar mereka dapat menjalankan tugasnya dengan aman tanpa takut terkena sanksi hukum. Selain itu, perlu ada sinergi antara sekolah, orang tua, dan pemerintah dalam menciptakan lingkungan pendidikan yang kondusif, di mana guru memiliki kewenangan yang jelas dalam menegakkan disiplin tanpa mengorbankan hak-hak siswa.